ProjectNative

American Elm "Princeton" or "Valley Forge" (tree)
Ulmus americana
Light: full sun
Height: 100'
Width: 60'
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Culture and Notes:This tissue-cultivated Elm is 94% resistant to Dutch Elm Disease and provides the classic American Elm shade. A rapid grower with an umbrella shaped silhouette, elms may grow 3-6 feet per year. Important host plant for a number of native butterflies. (Please ask for planting manual when purchasing.)

American Hazelnut (shrub)
Corylus americana
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 8-12'
Width: 8-12'
Blooms: catkins in early spring; nuts in late summer
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Culture and Notes: We are really pleased to be offering American Hazelnut since it is disappearing from our native habitat due to competition from invasive shrubs like Japanese Honeysuckle and Barberry. Hazelnut is a suckering, thicket-forming shrub with early spring catkins, broadly oval four inch leaves and late summer hazelnuts which ripen in ruffled light green papery husks. A natural to woodland edges or understory, hazelnut can tolerate moist to dry, sandy soil.

Arrowwood Viburnum (shrub)
Viburnum dentatum
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 6-12'
Width: 4-10'
Blooms: late spring, creamy white flowers with blue-black fruit
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Culture and Notes: Arrowwood is a key component to any backyard habitat with abundant dark blue fall berries and thicket-forming habits. White flower clusters and dense greenery provide valuable nesting and foraging sites that are difficult for predators to penetrate. Berries ripen just in time for fall migration.

Balsam Fir (tree)
Abies balsamea
Light: part sun to sun
Height: 60'
Width: 12-18'
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Culture and Notes: Familiar to most as the common Christmas Tree, this relatively fast-growing, narrowly pyramidal tree prefers cool, moist, acidic soil. Lighter new growth contrasts nicely with older evergreen needles. Evergreens provide essential wildlife shelter from harsh winter weather. Makes an excellent year round “fence” or privacy screen.

Black Cherry (tree)
Prunus serotina
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 40-60'
Width: 15-40'
Blooms: white flowers, reddish purple fruit
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Culture and Notes: Truly a tree for the birds. When grown in full sun, assumes an oval shape with slightly drooping branches, while shade and competition narrow its outline. Fairly rapid grower. Drooping narrow panicles of white flowers ripen to red and purple fruit. Black Cherry is a host for caterpillars of the Cecropia Moth and other species.

Black Chokeberry (shrub)
Aronia melanocarpa
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 3-8'
Width: 3-6'
Blooms: white blooms in spring
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Culture and Notes: A very adaptable easy-care shrub with dark purple-black berry clusters that persist into winter providing high energy food when nature’s pantry is bare. White flowers in spring and deep burgundy fall foliage make the Black Chokecherry a beautiful addition to any garden.

Button Bush (shrub)
Cephalanthus occidentalis
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 3-8'
Width: 3-6'
Blooms: creamy white blooms in summer
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Culture and Notes: We know spring has arrived when the late flushing Button Bush unfolds its mass of dark green glossy leaves. Distinctive in form, its fragrant ivory summer flowers are 1.5 inch globes of divine nectar attracting butterflies from far and wide. A natural to stream banks and pond shores, Button Bush will move into a moist garden situation where it can be pruned to a single or multi-stemmed small tree and under-planted for a striking display. Prune dead wood in winter and fertilize in spring.

Coral Honeysuckle (vine)
Lonicera sempervirens
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 20'
Width: 8'
Blooms: coral red blooms June-October
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Culture and Notes: A favorite of nectar-sipping hummingbirds, these trumpet-shaped clusters of coral red flowers will bloom all season in full sun. Provide a trellis or fence for support and water during periods of drought. Leaves of green with purple veins will persist late into fall.

Eastern Red Cedar (tree)
Juniperus virginiana
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 15-35'
Width: 3-12'
Blooms: yellow in spring, blue berries in fall to winter

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Culture and Notes: Fall has become our favorite time to watch these beautiful trees turn from silvery blue-green to shades of lavender to the deep burnt umber from which they got their name. Red cedars prefer full sun, good air circulation, well drained soil and are drought tolerant once established. Females produce a crop of blue berries which provide an excellent winter food source for wildlife. Both males and females provide essential shelter from winter’s icy blasts. Best not to plant near apple trees due to cedar-apple rust.

Elderberry (shrub)
Sambucus canadensis
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 5-10'
Width: 3-8'
Blooms: early summer flowers, followed by fruit, white flowers with red fruit, deepening to reddish-purple
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Culture and Notes: Beautiful palm-sized flower clusters of creamy white. Birds will wait until drooping clusters of cabernet–colored berries are at the peak of ripeness before swooping down to devour. Be sure to save some for yourself, because elderberry can be used to make wine, jam, pies and cough syrup.

Flowering Dogwood (small tree)
Cornus florida
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 12-20'
Width: 8-15'
Blooms: ivory blooms streaked with maroon in spring, red berries in the fall
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Culture and Notes: This small horizontal branching tree is one of our most beautiful native species. In spring, tiny flower clusters, surrounded by four ivory bracts, unfold before the leaves emerge. Clusters of crimson berries at branching tips are advertised to hungry birds with red, orange, and purple fall foliage. More sun means more berries, but also means the need for richer soil with consistent moisture. Rare and endangered.

Flowering Raspberry (shrub)
Rubus odoratus
Light: part shade
Height: 5-7'
Width: 4-5'
Blooms: deep rose pink flowers in summer, followed by fruit
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Culture and Notes: This thornless member of the raspberry genus looks like no other. Large soft maple-like leaves spread beneath stunning 2” flowers of deep rose pink. Fruit is soft white, somewhat dry in texture and with a mild vanilla flavor. Enjoyed by birds and people. Native to rocky, shaded banks, its adapts to a wide range of garden soils in part shade.

Gray Dogwood (shrub)
Cornus racemosa
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 3-8'
Width: 3-8'
Blooms: white or ivory flowers in spring, white berries in fall
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Culture and Notes: An incredibly adaptable shrub with high wildlife food and habitat significance. White berries on red pedicels are relished by birds and its thicket-forming habit provides valuable cover and nesting sites. Wet to relatively dry soil is okay.

Highbush Blueberry (small shrub)
Vaccinium corymbosum
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 6-10'
Width: 4-8'
Blooms: whitish-pink flowers in spring, blue-black fruit in summer
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Culture and Notes: A natural in swamps or damp fields, this native blueberry is truly worth integrating into your backyard habitat or garden. Whitish-pink blossoms and copious blue fruit add color throughout the growing season finishing in a bright crimson fall foliage display. Red stems add interest to the winter landscape. Ideal soil is moist and acidic. Blueberries will fruit on their own; however to ensure a good fruit set plant more than one in close proximity.

Ironwood (small tree)
Carpinus caroliniana
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 15-20'
Width: 12-18'
Blooms: late spring
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Culture and Notes: This floodplain specie has a smooth, blue-gray bark laced with striations of a deeper hue. Yellow fall color blends with orange, scarlet, and maroon to make this a beauty for a woodland edge planting. Prefers moist soil. A great host plant for butterflies. Provides food and shelter for birds and mammals.

Kinnickinnick (woody groundcover)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 2-6"
Width: 2-4'
Blooms: pink flowers in spring, followed by red fruit
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Culture and Notes: A woody groundcover thriving in nutrient-poor sandy soil. Early spring flowers provide nectar for hungry waking bees and bright red fall fruits are a food source for small mammals. Trailing stems will form dense carpets of small glossy green leaves in summer that turn bronzy-red in winter. Water in periods of drought until established and do not move as it is tap rooted and will not survive. Will fruit on its own.

Lowbush Blueberry (shrub)
Vaccinium angustifolium
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 8 inches - 2 feet tall
Width: 1-3'
Blooms: whitish-pink flowers in spring, blue-black fruit in summer
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Culture and Notes: The famous Maine blueberry of rocky outcrops and wind-swept woodland edges. While this low woody groundcover can take a certain amount of shade, it will flower and berry more abundantly in the sun. Give it rocky soil with good drainage and it will give you delectable summer fruits and brilliant red-orange fall foliage. Blueberries will fruit on their own; however to ensure a good fruit set plant more than one in close proximity.

Meadowsweet (shrub)
Spiraea latifolia
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 3-4'
Width: 3-4'
Blooms: white blooms in mid to late summer
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Culture and Notes: This demure shrub of meadows edge has quickly become one of the favorites in our native seed bank. White flower spires with a pink blush are covered with pollinators for the duration of its long blooming period. Golden brown stems glow against winter’s landscape.

Mountain Laurel (shrub)
Kalmia latifolia
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 4-15'
Width: 4-8'
Blooms: pink buds with white or light pink flowers in late spring or early summer
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Culture and Notes: An adaptable evergreen shrub with early summer blooms that will captivate with shades of white, pink or even burgundy. Trunks become gnarled with age and cinnamon-brown bark peels off in strips. Prefers moist well-drained soils, humid climates and part sun. Companion plant with wintergreen and pink lady slippers. Rare and endangered in Massachusetts.

New Jersey Tea (small shrub)
Ceanothus americanus
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 2-3'
Width: 2-3'
Blooms: creamy white blooms in summer
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Culture and Notes: This is a tough little shrub that for some reason is getting harder to find in native habitats. It not only prefers, but needs, poor, nitrogen-deficient, well-drained soil. Put it in your roughest garden situation and wait for this small native shrub’s fragrant lilac blooms.

Pagoda Dogwood (shrub)
Cornus alternifolia
Light: part shade
Height: 15-25'
Width: 6-15'
Blooms: white flowers in late May - early June, blue-black fruit in midsummer
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Culture and Notes: Best in partial shade and slightly acidic soil. The architectural layering of its branches has also given this native the common name of “pagoda dogwood.” Fragrant flat clusters of small white flowers are humming with hungry insects while the fruit is relished by birds.

Pussy Willow (shrub)
Salix discolor
Light: part shade
Height: 15-25'
Width: 6-15'
Blooms: white flowers in late May - early June, blue-black fruit in midsummer
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Culture and Notes: Silver catkins warming themselves in the March sun is a sure sign that winter’s tide has turned. Ideal soil is moist.

Red Chokeberry (shrub)
Aronia arbutifolia
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 3-8'
Width: 3-6'
Blooms: white flowers in spring, dark red fruit late in the summer
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Culture and Notes: This quickly became the easiest shrub to care for in the nursery. Never suffering from drought or blights of any kind, it produced heavy clusters of shinning red berries at the same time that the foliage called out to passing birds in shades of brilliant crimson. Its burgundy fall foliage makes the Red Chokeberry a great alternative to the invasive Burning Bush.

Red Oiser Dogwood (shrub)
Cornus sericea
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 5-10'
Width: 4-8'
Blooms: creamy white flowers in spring, white summer berries
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Culture and Notes: Golden green stems and creamy white umbels of flowers give way to prolific white summer berries whose fruit are relished by many wildlife species. Stems develop a deep maroon color as the temperature falls, producing a dramatic winter landscape display. Plant with White Birch and Winterberry Holly.

River Birch (tree)
Betula nigra
Light: light shade to sun
Height: 60-80'
Width: 15-25'
Blooms: late spring
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Culture and Notes: A beautiful heat tolerant birch commonly used in land-scaping for its pinkish or orange-red exfoliating bark that curls off in papery sheets. Like all birches, River Birch is an important host plant for many showy native butterflies, insects and moths.

Rosebay Rhododendron (shrub)
Rhododendron maximum
Light: sun to shade
Height: 6-10'
Width: 4-10'
Blooms: early summer
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Culture and Notes: Beautiful blooms on this evergreen shrub make it a staple in any garden. Will bloom and grow in the shade with moist to moderately dry soil. Once common in the Berkshires, but was dug up in the 1800’s to be planted at large estates and is now classified as rare.

Sassafras (tree)
Sassafras albidum
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 30-60'
Width: 12-25'
Color: scarlet, orange and yellow leaves with blue-black berries
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Culture and Notes: A time honored favorite with its two-thumbed mitten shaped leaves, spectacular fall color, spicy bark and roots used for its restorative capabilities. A haze of chartreuse flowers in spring gives way to ripening blue-black fruit clusters advertised to migrating birds by orange-scarlet leaves in fall. Prefers moist to moderately dry soil. Host plant for the Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly.

Shadbush (small tree)
Amelanchier canadensis
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 10-20'
Width: 5-10'
Color: white flowers in early spring, purple fruit in early summer
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Culture and Notes: This small woodland understory tree is a flush of white flowers in early spring. Early purple summer berries tasting of pears are among the tastiest wild berries and are a welcome sight to nesting birds feeding their young. Tolerant of many soils and light conditions. With gorgeous spring flowers and edible fruits, Shadbush works well in mixed borders where height is desired. Shadbush will fruit on their own.

Spicebush (shrub)
Lindera benzoin
Light: part sun to shade
Height: 8-15'
Width: 6-15'
Color: bright yellow flowers in early spring
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One of the few truly shade tolerant shrubs, it prefers moist acidic soil and adapts well to the garden. Fragrant yellow flowers give way to smooth nodding green leaves that smell of cloves and anise when crushed. Luminous yellow fall color signals to migrating birds that the female spicebush will soon be covered in bright red berries. Berries are an excellent food source for numerous birds and the Spicebush is the host plant for Spicebush Swallowtail Butterflies.

Staghorn Sumac (tall shrub)
Rhus typhina
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 8-18'
Width: 8-15'
Color: rich maroon fruit in fall
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Culture and Notes: Oh, it is not a weed! We invite you to look again at this fast growing beauty with tropical-like foliage that turns shades of deep red in autumn. Its spires of maroon fruit persist into winter when food is scarce providing forage for over 90 birds and woodland creatures. Perfect for a quick border or erosion control. Almost any soil will do, can be easily contained by mowing around the perimeter.

Steeplebush (small shrub)
Spiraea tomentosa
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 2-5'
Width: 2-5'
Color: pink flowers in mid-summer
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Culture and Notes: Growing abundantly on Mt. Greylock in a stunning natural display with white birch and elderberry, steeplebush gives the impression of pink fairy hats moving among the greenery. This fast growing shrub can be cut back every two years for renewed vigor and growth. Showy flowers provide mid-summer color. Prefers moist to moderately dry soil. Often grows at the meadow’s edge.

Stickeybud Azalea (shrub)
Rhododendron viscosum
Light: sun to light shade
Height: 4-10'
Width: 3-5'
Color: white to pink flowers in late June - July
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Culture and Notes: Abundant white flowers with a wonderful honeysuckle-clove scent can make a great impact on the garden or woodland’s edge. Glossy green leaves are deciduous and this multi-stemmed shrub prefers moist acidic soil.

Striped Maple (tree)
Acer pensylvanicum
Light: part shade to shade
Height: 15-20'
Width: 7-10'
Color: greenish-yellow blooms in spring
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Culture and Notes: Comfortable in the shady understory of moist acidic woods with serpentine-like bark in shades of green, black and white. Large three-lobed leaves turn a luminous yellow in autumn and glow like lanterns scattered in the woods. Needs cool, moist soil and only morning or afternoon sun. Rare and endangered in Massachusetts.

Sugar Maple (tree)
Acer saccharum
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 50-100'
Width: 35-50'
Color: yellow-green flowers in May, pale green and winged wind-pollinated fruit appear early in the summer
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Culture and Notes: One of the more rapidly growing maples, it’s native to floodplains and damp soils. However, it will readily adapt to drier conditions. One of the host plants for the caterpillars of the spectacular Cecropia moth. The early swelling buds are important fare for starving squirrels in spring.

Summersweet (shrub)
Clethra alnifolia
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 4-9'
Width: 4-12'
Color: ivory blooms in summer
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Culture and Notes: Clethra’s easy care and tolerant nature adapts anywhere but the most droughty of gardens. Fragrant creamy white blooms are nectar decadent attracting butterflies and pollinators in what is usually a mid-summer blooming lull. Fragrant blooms and glossy deep green foliage make this an excellent landscaping shrub or hedgerow. Prefers moist to wet soil.

Swamp Rose (shrub)
Rosa palustris
Light: sun
Height: 3-5'
Width: 3-6'
Color: rose pink blooms in summer
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Culture and Notes: Swamp Rose prefers moist to wet soil with room to grow, but is fairly drought tolerant once established. Forms a dense rounded shrub with clusters of rosy flowers and small, red-orange fruits in late summer.

Sweet Birch or Black Birch (tree)
Betula lenta
Light: shade to sun
Height: 40-60'
Width: 10-25'
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Culture and Notes: High concentrations of wintergreen oil are used to make birch beer or birch bark honey. Chewing a twig on a winters hike is a delicious refreshing experience. Fall color is a glowing shade of brilliant yellow. Sweet Birch is an important member of eastern hardwood communities and prefers moist, slightly acidic, cool soil.

Sweet Fern (shrub)
Comptonia perigrina
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 4'
Width: 4'
Color: yellow-green catkins in spring
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Culture and Notes: If dry, sandy, rocky, infertile, acidic soil sounds familiar to you; do not give up hope. This amazingly attractive mid-to-low growing shrub will colonize even the poorest of soils. Deep green leathery leaves have a fern-like appearance and produce long-hanging yellow-green catkins in mid-spring. No pruning necessary; in fact, is resented.

Sweet Gale (small shrub)
Myrica Gale
Light: sun to part sun
Height: 2-5'
Width: 3-6'
Color: green and yellow tiny flowers in spring, black seeds forming cone-like clusters in mid-summer
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Culture and Notes: Attractive dark gray-green leaves and dramatically curving trunks would not look out of place in a Japanese-style garden. Inconspicuous flowers become clusters of black seed filled cones. Expedite growth and vigor by providing plenty of sun, water in periods of drought, and fertilize in the spring. Ideal soil is moist and acidic. A perfect shrub for naturalizing near ponds.

Virginia Creeper (vine)
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Light: sun to shade
Height: 30'
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Culture and Notes: An aggressive grower that will do well in almost any soil and prefers part sun. Five-fingered foliage and bright red fall color are perfect for climbing along fencing or hiding bare spots in the landscape. Berries provide valuable winter food for over 35 varieties of birds. Gorgeous fall color.

White Oak (tree)
Quercus alba
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 80-100'
Width: 50-90'
Color: pale yellow-green flowers in May, brown acorns in fall
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Culture and Notes: This most majestic of trees is planted with the future in mind. In sun, it will spread as wide as it is tall, providing delightful shade and a sense of stability. One of the best all around trees for wildlife. The Quercus genus over 500 species of butterflies and moths!

Wild Clematis (vine)
Clematis virginiana
Light: part sun to sun
Height: 10'
Color: white blossoms July-September
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Culture and Notes: Fragrant white flowers in July give way to airy seed pods in late September. Will self-seed well in the right conditions. Does well in both average and rich garden soil. Trellis or let it sprawl freely over nearby plants.

Winterberry Holly (small shrub)
Ilex verticillata
Light: sun to part shade
Height: 6-10'
Width: 6-10'
Color: bright red berries from October-May are produced only by the females (make sure a male is close by for pollination)
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Culture and Notes: Ideal soil is wet, boggy and acidic, but will tolerate moist soil. Berries create a nice display in the fall and winter.

Witch Hazel (large shrub)
Hamamelis virginiana
Light: part sun to shade
Height: 10-20'
Width: 8-15'
Color: golden yellow flowers October-November
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Culture and Notes: Ideal soil is rich and moderately moist but will tolerate a variety of conditions. Spectacular yellow fall foliage and fragrant blooms.

Yellow Birch (tree)
Betula alleghaniensis
Light: shade to sun
Height: 60-80'
Width: 10-25'
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Culture and Notes: A fairly shade tolerant tree with bronzy-gold bark that peels off in sheets. Longer-living than most birches, the Yellow Birch can grow into an impressive old specimen in the company of Maple and Beech Trees. Prefers moist, slightly acidic, cool soil.

TREES, SHRUBS & VINES

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